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common

zeus.device.gpu.common

Error wrappers and classes common to all GPU vendors.

GPU

Bases: ABC

Abstract base class for managing one GPU.

For each method, child classes should call into vendor-specific GPU management libraries (e.g., NVML for NVIDIA GPUs).

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class GPU(abc.ABC):
    """Abstract base class for managing one GPU.

    For each method, child classes should call into vendor-specific
    GPU management libraries (e.g., NVML for NVIDIA GPUs).
    """

    def __init__(self, gpu_index: int) -> None:
        """Initializ the GPU with a specified index."""
        self.gpu_index = gpu_index

    @property
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def supports_nonblocking_setters(self) -> bool:
        """Return True if the GPU object supports non-blocking configuration setters."""
        return False

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def getName(self) -> str:
        """Return the name of the GPU model."""
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def getPowerManagementLimitConstraints(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
        """Return the minimum and maximum power management limits. Units: mW."""
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def setPowerManagementLimit(self, power_limit_mw: int, _block: bool = True) -> None:
        """Set the GPU's power management limit. Unit: mW."""
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def resetPowerManagementLimit(self, _block: bool = True) -> None:
        """Reset the GPU's power management limit to the default value."""
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def setPersistenceMode(self, enabled: bool, _block: bool = True) -> None:
        """Set persistence mode."""
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def getSupportedMemoryClocks(self) -> list[int]:
        """Return a list of supported memory clock frequencies. Units: MHz."""
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def setMemoryLockedClocks(
        self, min_clock_mhz: int, max_clock_mhz: int, _block: bool = True
    ) -> None:
        """Lock the memory clock to a specified range. Units: MHz."""
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def resetMemoryLockedClocks(self, _block: bool = True) -> None:
        """Reset the locked memory clocks to the default."""
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def getSupportedGraphicsClocks(
        self, memory_clock_mhz: int | None = None
    ) -> list[int]:
        """Return a list of supported graphics clock frequencies. Units: MHz.

        Args:
            memory_clock_mhz: Memory clock frequency to use. Some GPUs have
                different supported graphics clocks depending on the memory clock.
        """
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def setGpuLockedClocks(
        self, min_clock_mhz: int, max_clock_mhz: int, _block: bool = True
    ) -> None:
        """Lock the GPU clock to a specified range. Units: MHz."""
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def resetGpuLockedClocks(self, _block: bool = True) -> None:
        """Reset the locked GPU clocks to the default."""
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def getInstantPowerUsage(self) -> int:
        """Return the current power draw of the GPU. Units: mW."""
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def supportsGetTotalEnergyConsumption(self) -> bool:
        """Check if the GPU supports retrieving total energy consumption."""
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def getTotalEnergyConsumption(self) -> int:
        """Return the total energy consumption of the GPU since driver load. Units: mJ."""
        pass

supports_nonblocking_setters abstractmethod property 

supports_nonblocking_setters

Return True if the GPU object supports non-blocking configuration setters.

__init__ 

__init__(gpu_index)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, gpu_index: int) -> None:
    """Initializ the GPU with a specified index."""
    self.gpu_index = gpu_index

getName abstractmethod 

getName()

Return the name of the GPU model.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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@abc.abstractmethod
def getName(self) -> str:
    """Return the name of the GPU model."""
    pass

getPowerManagementLimitConstraints abstractmethod 

getPowerManagementLimitConstraints()

Return the minimum and maximum power management limits. Units: mW.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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@abc.abstractmethod
def getPowerManagementLimitConstraints(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
    """Return the minimum and maximum power management limits. Units: mW."""
    pass

setPowerManagementLimit abstractmethod 

setPowerManagementLimit(power_limit_mw, _block=True)

Set the GPU's power management limit. Unit: mW.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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@abc.abstractmethod
def setPowerManagementLimit(self, power_limit_mw: int, _block: bool = True) -> None:
    """Set the GPU's power management limit. Unit: mW."""
    pass

resetPowerManagementLimit abstractmethod 

resetPowerManagementLimit(_block=True)

Reset the GPU's power management limit to the default value.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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@abc.abstractmethod
def resetPowerManagementLimit(self, _block: bool = True) -> None:
    """Reset the GPU's power management limit to the default value."""
    pass

setPersistenceMode abstractmethod 

setPersistenceMode(enabled, _block=True)

Set persistence mode.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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@abc.abstractmethod
def setPersistenceMode(self, enabled: bool, _block: bool = True) -> None:
    """Set persistence mode."""
    pass

getSupportedMemoryClocks abstractmethod 

getSupportedMemoryClocks()

Return a list of supported memory clock frequencies. Units: MHz.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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@abc.abstractmethod
def getSupportedMemoryClocks(self) -> list[int]:
    """Return a list of supported memory clock frequencies. Units: MHz."""
    pass

setMemoryLockedClocks abstractmethod 

setMemoryLockedClocks(
    min_clock_mhz, max_clock_mhz, _block=True
)

Lock the memory clock to a specified range. Units: MHz.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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@abc.abstractmethod
def setMemoryLockedClocks(
    self, min_clock_mhz: int, max_clock_mhz: int, _block: bool = True
) -> None:
    """Lock the memory clock to a specified range. Units: MHz."""
    pass

resetMemoryLockedClocks abstractmethod 

resetMemoryLockedClocks(_block=True)

Reset the locked memory clocks to the default.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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@abc.abstractmethod
def resetMemoryLockedClocks(self, _block: bool = True) -> None:
    """Reset the locked memory clocks to the default."""
    pass

getSupportedGraphicsClocks abstractmethod 

getSupportedGraphicsClocks(memory_clock_mhz=None)

Return a list of supported graphics clock frequencies. Units: MHz.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
memory_clock_mhz int | None

Memory clock frequency to use. Some GPUs have different supported graphics clocks depending on the memory clock.

 None
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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@abc.abstractmethod
def getSupportedGraphicsClocks(
    self, memory_clock_mhz: int | None = None
) -> list[int]:
    """Return a list of supported graphics clock frequencies. Units: MHz.

    Args:
        memory_clock_mhz: Memory clock frequency to use. Some GPUs have
            different supported graphics clocks depending on the memory clock.
    """
    pass

setGpuLockedClocks abstractmethod 

setGpuLockedClocks(
    min_clock_mhz, max_clock_mhz, _block=True
)

Lock the GPU clock to a specified range. Units: MHz.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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@abc.abstractmethod
def setGpuLockedClocks(
    self, min_clock_mhz: int, max_clock_mhz: int, _block: bool = True
) -> None:
    """Lock the GPU clock to a specified range. Units: MHz."""
    pass

resetGpuLockedClocks abstractmethod 

resetGpuLockedClocks(_block=True)

Reset the locked GPU clocks to the default.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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@abc.abstractmethod
def resetGpuLockedClocks(self, _block: bool = True) -> None:
    """Reset the locked GPU clocks to the default."""
    pass

getInstantPowerUsage abstractmethod 

getInstantPowerUsage()

Return the current power draw of the GPU. Units: mW.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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@abc.abstractmethod
def getInstantPowerUsage(self) -> int:
    """Return the current power draw of the GPU. Units: mW."""
    pass

supportsGetTotalEnergyConsumption abstractmethod 

supportsGetTotalEnergyConsumption()

Check if the GPU supports retrieving total energy consumption.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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@abc.abstractmethod
def supportsGetTotalEnergyConsumption(self) -> bool:
    """Check if the GPU supports retrieving total energy consumption."""
    pass

getTotalEnergyConsumption abstractmethod 

getTotalEnergyConsumption()

Return the total energy consumption of the GPU since driver load. Units: mJ.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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@abc.abstractmethod
def getTotalEnergyConsumption(self) -> int:
    """Return the total energy consumption of the GPU since driver load. Units: mJ."""
    pass

GPUs

Bases: ABC

An abstract base class for a collection of GPU objects.

This is basically a list of GPU objects and forwards most API calls to the individual GPU objects. Still, a separate wrapper class is is needed to for group-level operations like:

  • ensure_homogeneous that ensures that all GPUs have the same name
  • handling vendor-specific environment variables (e.g., CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES for NVIDIA)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class GPUs(abc.ABC):
    """An abstract base class for a collection of `GPU` objects.

    This is basically a list of [`GPU`][zeus.device.gpu.common.GPU] objects and forwards
    most API calls to the individual `GPU` objects. Still, a separate wrapper class is
    is needed to for group-level operations like:

    - `ensure_homogeneous` that ensures that all GPUs have the same name
    - handling vendor-specific environment variables (e.g., `CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES` for NVIDIA)
    """

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def __init__(self, ensure_homogeneous: bool = False) -> None:
        """Initialize the GPU management library and initializes `GPU` objects."""
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def __del__(self) -> None:
        """Shut down the GPU monitoring library to release resources and clean up."""
        pass

    @property
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def gpus(self) -> Sequence[GPU]:
        """Return a list of GPU objects being tracked."""
        pass

    def __len__(self) -> int:
        """Return the number of GPUs being tracked."""
        return len(self.gpus)

    def _ensure_homogeneous(self) -> None:
        """Ensures that all tracked GPUs are homogeneous in terms of name."""
        gpu_names = [gpu.getName() for gpu in self.gpus]
        # Both zero (no GPUs found) and one are fine.
        if len(set(gpu_names)) > 1:
            raise ZeusGPUHeterogeneousError(f"Heterogeneous GPUs found: {gpu_names}")

    def _warn_sys_admin(self) -> None:
        """Warn the user if the current process doesn't have `SYS_ADMIN` privileges."""
        # Deriving classes can disable this warning by setting this attribute.
        if (
            not getattr(self, "_disable_sys_admin_warning", False)
            and not has_sys_admin()
        ):
            warnings.warn(
                "You are about to call a GPU management API that requires "
                "`SYS_ADMIN` privileges. Some energy optimizers that change the "
                "GPU's power settings need this.\nSee "
                "https://ml.energy/zeus/getting_started/#system-privileges "
                "for more information and how to obtain `SYS_ADMIN`.",
                stacklevel=2,
            )
            # Only warn once.
            self._disable_sys_admin_warning = True

    def getName(self, gpu_index: int) -> str:
        """Return the name of the specified GPU."""
        return self.gpus[gpu_index].getName()

    def getPowerManagementLimitConstraints(self, gpu_index: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
        """Return the minimum and maximum power management limits. Units: mW."""
        return self.gpus[gpu_index].getPowerManagementLimitConstraints()

    def setPowerManagementLimit(
        self, gpu_index: int, power_limit_mw: int, _block: bool = True
    ) -> None:
        """Set the GPU's power management limit. Unit: mW."""
        self._warn_sys_admin()
        self.gpus[gpu_index].setPowerManagementLimit(power_limit_mw, _block)

    def resetPowerManagementLimit(self, gpu_index: int, _block: bool = True) -> None:
        """Reset the GPU's power management limit to the default value."""
        self._warn_sys_admin()
        self.gpus[gpu_index].resetPowerManagementLimit(_block)

    def setPersistenceMode(
        self, gpu_index: int, enabled: bool, _block: bool = True
    ) -> None:
        """Set persistence mode for the specified GPU."""
        self._warn_sys_admin()
        self.gpus[gpu_index].setPersistenceMode(enabled, _block)

    def getSupportedMemoryClocks(self, gpu_index: int) -> list[int]:
        """Return a list of supported memory clock frequencies. Units: MHz."""
        return self.gpus[gpu_index].getSupportedMemoryClocks()

    def setMemoryLockedClocks(
        self,
        gpu_index: int,
        min_clock_mhz: int,
        max_clock_mhz: int,
        _block: bool = True,
    ) -> None:
        """Lock the memory clock to a specified range. Units: MHz."""
        self._warn_sys_admin()
        self.gpus[gpu_index].setMemoryLockedClocks(min_clock_mhz, max_clock_mhz, _block)

    def resetMemoryLockedClocks(self, gpu_index: int, _block: bool = True) -> None:
        """Reset the locked memory clocks to the default."""
        self._warn_sys_admin()
        self.gpus[gpu_index].resetMemoryLockedClocks(_block)

    def getSupportedGraphicsClocks(
        self, gpu_index: int, memory_clock_mhz: int | None = None
    ) -> list[int]:
        """Return a list of supported graphics clock frequencies. Units: MHz.

        Args:
            gpu_index: Index of the GPU to query.
            memory_clock_mhz: Memory clock frequency to use. Some GPUs have
                different supported graphics clocks depending on the memory clock.
        """
        pass
        return self.gpus[gpu_index].getSupportedGraphicsClocks(memory_clock_mhz)

    def setGpuLockedClocks(
        self,
        gpu_index: int,
        min_clock_mhz: int,
        max_clock_mhz: int,
        _block: bool = True,
    ) -> None:
        """Lock the GPU clock to a specified range. Units: MHz."""
        self._warn_sys_admin()
        self.gpus[gpu_index].setGpuLockedClocks(min_clock_mhz, max_clock_mhz, _block)

    def resetGpuLockedClocks(self, gpu_index: int, _block: bool = True) -> None:
        """Reset the locked GPU clocks to the default."""
        self._warn_sys_admin()
        self.gpus[gpu_index].resetGpuLockedClocks(_block)

    def getInstantPowerUsage(self, gpu_index: int) -> int:
        """Return the current power draw of the GPU. Units: mW."""
        return self.gpus[gpu_index].getInstantPowerUsage()

    def supportsGetTotalEnergyConsumption(self, gpu_index: int) -> bool:
        """Check if the GPU supports retrieving total energy consumption."""
        return self.gpus[gpu_index].supportsGetTotalEnergyConsumption()

    def getTotalEnergyConsumption(self, gpu_index: int) -> int:
        """Return the total energy consumption of the GPU since driver load. Units: mJ."""
        return self.gpus[gpu_index].getTotalEnergyConsumption()

gpus abstractmethod property 

gpus

Return a list of GPU objects being tracked.

__init__ abstractmethod 

__init__(ensure_homogeneous=False)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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@abc.abstractmethod
def __init__(self, ensure_homogeneous: bool = False) -> None:
    """Initialize the GPU management library and initializes `GPU` objects."""
    pass

__del__ abstractmethod 

__del__()

Shut down the GPU monitoring library to release resources and clean up.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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@abc.abstractmethod
def __del__(self) -> None:
    """Shut down the GPU monitoring library to release resources and clean up."""
    pass

__len__ 

__len__()

Return the number of GPUs being tracked.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __len__(self) -> int:
    """Return the number of GPUs being tracked."""
    return len(self.gpus)

_ensure_homogeneous 

_ensure_homogeneous()

Ensures that all tracked GPUs are homogeneous in terms of name.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def _ensure_homogeneous(self) -> None:
    """Ensures that all tracked GPUs are homogeneous in terms of name."""
    gpu_names = [gpu.getName() for gpu in self.gpus]
    # Both zero (no GPUs found) and one are fine.
    if len(set(gpu_names)) > 1:
        raise ZeusGPUHeterogeneousError(f"Heterogeneous GPUs found: {gpu_names}")

_warn_sys_admin 

_warn_sys_admin()

Warn the user if the current process doesn't have SYS_ADMIN privileges.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def _warn_sys_admin(self) -> None:
    """Warn the user if the current process doesn't have `SYS_ADMIN` privileges."""
    # Deriving classes can disable this warning by setting this attribute.
    if (
        not getattr(self, "_disable_sys_admin_warning", False)
        and not has_sys_admin()
    ):
        warnings.warn(
            "You are about to call a GPU management API that requires "
            "`SYS_ADMIN` privileges. Some energy optimizers that change the "
            "GPU's power settings need this.\nSee "
            "https://ml.energy/zeus/getting_started/#system-privileges "
            "for more information and how to obtain `SYS_ADMIN`.",
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        # Only warn once.
        self._disable_sys_admin_warning = True

getName 

getName(gpu_index)

Return the name of the specified GPU.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def getName(self, gpu_index: int) -> str:
    """Return the name of the specified GPU."""
    return self.gpus[gpu_index].getName()

getPowerManagementLimitConstraints 

getPowerManagementLimitConstraints(gpu_index)

Return the minimum and maximum power management limits. Units: mW.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def getPowerManagementLimitConstraints(self, gpu_index: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
    """Return the minimum and maximum power management limits. Units: mW."""
    return self.gpus[gpu_index].getPowerManagementLimitConstraints()

setPowerManagementLimit 

setPowerManagementLimit(
    gpu_index, power_limit_mw, _block=True
)

Set the GPU's power management limit. Unit: mW.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def setPowerManagementLimit(
    self, gpu_index: int, power_limit_mw: int, _block: bool = True
) -> None:
    """Set the GPU's power management limit. Unit: mW."""
    self._warn_sys_admin()
    self.gpus[gpu_index].setPowerManagementLimit(power_limit_mw, _block)

resetPowerManagementLimit 

resetPowerManagementLimit(gpu_index, _block=True)

Reset the GPU's power management limit to the default value.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def resetPowerManagementLimit(self, gpu_index: int, _block: bool = True) -> None:
    """Reset the GPU's power management limit to the default value."""
    self._warn_sys_admin()
    self.gpus[gpu_index].resetPowerManagementLimit(_block)

setPersistenceMode 

setPersistenceMode(gpu_index, enabled, _block=True)

Set persistence mode for the specified GPU.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def setPersistenceMode(
    self, gpu_index: int, enabled: bool, _block: bool = True
) -> None:
    """Set persistence mode for the specified GPU."""
    self._warn_sys_admin()
    self.gpus[gpu_index].setPersistenceMode(enabled, _block)

getSupportedMemoryClocks 

getSupportedMemoryClocks(gpu_index)

Return a list of supported memory clock frequencies. Units: MHz.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def getSupportedMemoryClocks(self, gpu_index: int) -> list[int]:
    """Return a list of supported memory clock frequencies. Units: MHz."""
    return self.gpus[gpu_index].getSupportedMemoryClocks()

setMemoryLockedClocks 

setMemoryLockedClocks(
    gpu_index, min_clock_mhz, max_clock_mhz, _block=True
)

Lock the memory clock to a specified range. Units: MHz.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def setMemoryLockedClocks(
    self,
    gpu_index: int,
    min_clock_mhz: int,
    max_clock_mhz: int,
    _block: bool = True,
) -> None:
    """Lock the memory clock to a specified range. Units: MHz."""
    self._warn_sys_admin()
    self.gpus[gpu_index].setMemoryLockedClocks(min_clock_mhz, max_clock_mhz, _block)

resetMemoryLockedClocks 

resetMemoryLockedClocks(gpu_index, _block=True)

Reset the locked memory clocks to the default.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def resetMemoryLockedClocks(self, gpu_index: int, _block: bool = True) -> None:
    """Reset the locked memory clocks to the default."""
    self._warn_sys_admin()
    self.gpus[gpu_index].resetMemoryLockedClocks(_block)

getSupportedGraphicsClocks 

getSupportedGraphicsClocks(
    gpu_index, memory_clock_mhz=None
)

Return a list of supported graphics clock frequencies. Units: MHz.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
gpu_index int

Index of the GPU to query.

 required
memory_clock_mhz int | None

Memory clock frequency to use. Some GPUs have different supported graphics clocks depending on the memory clock.

 None
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def getSupportedGraphicsClocks(
    self, gpu_index: int, memory_clock_mhz: int | None = None
) -> list[int]:
    """Return a list of supported graphics clock frequencies. Units: MHz.

    Args:
        gpu_index: Index of the GPU to query.
        memory_clock_mhz: Memory clock frequency to use. Some GPUs have
            different supported graphics clocks depending on the memory clock.
    """
    pass
    return self.gpus[gpu_index].getSupportedGraphicsClocks(memory_clock_mhz)

setGpuLockedClocks 

setGpuLockedClocks(
    gpu_index, min_clock_mhz, max_clock_mhz, _block=True
)

Lock the GPU clock to a specified range. Units: MHz.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def setGpuLockedClocks(
    self,
    gpu_index: int,
    min_clock_mhz: int,
    max_clock_mhz: int,
    _block: bool = True,
) -> None:
    """Lock the GPU clock to a specified range. Units: MHz."""
    self._warn_sys_admin()
    self.gpus[gpu_index].setGpuLockedClocks(min_clock_mhz, max_clock_mhz, _block)

resetGpuLockedClocks 

resetGpuLockedClocks(gpu_index, _block=True)

Reset the locked GPU clocks to the default.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def resetGpuLockedClocks(self, gpu_index: int, _block: bool = True) -> None:
    """Reset the locked GPU clocks to the default."""
    self._warn_sys_admin()
    self.gpus[gpu_index].resetGpuLockedClocks(_block)

getInstantPowerUsage 

getInstantPowerUsage(gpu_index)

Return the current power draw of the GPU. Units: mW.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def getInstantPowerUsage(self, gpu_index: int) -> int:
    """Return the current power draw of the GPU. Units: mW."""
    return self.gpus[gpu_index].getInstantPowerUsage()

supportsGetTotalEnergyConsumption 

supportsGetTotalEnergyConsumption(gpu_index)

Check if the GPU supports retrieving total energy consumption.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def supportsGetTotalEnergyConsumption(self, gpu_index: int) -> bool:
    """Check if the GPU supports retrieving total energy consumption."""
    return self.gpus[gpu_index].supportsGetTotalEnergyConsumption()

getTotalEnergyConsumption 

getTotalEnergyConsumption(gpu_index)

Return the total energy consumption of the GPU since driver load. Units: mJ.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def getTotalEnergyConsumption(self, gpu_index: int) -> int:
    """Return the total energy consumption of the GPU since driver load. Units: mJ."""
    return self.gpus[gpu_index].getTotalEnergyConsumption()

EmptyGPUs

Bases: GPUs

A concrete class implementing the GPUs abstract base class, but representing an empty collection of GPUs.

This class is used to represent a scenario where no GPUs are available or detected. Any method call attempting to interact with a GPU will raise a ValueError.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class EmptyGPUs(GPUs):
    """A concrete class implementing the GPUs abstract base class, but representing an empty collection of GPUs.

    This class is used to represent a scenario where no GPUs are available or detected.
    Any method call attempting to interact with a GPU will raise a ValueError.
    """

    def __init__(self, ensure_homogeneous: bool = False) -> None:
        """Initialize the EMPTYGPUs class.

        Since this class represents an empty collection of GPUs, no actual initialization of GPU objects is performed.
        """
        pass

    def __del__(self) -> None:
        """Clean up any resources if necessary.

        As this class represents an empty collection of GPUs, no specific cleanup is required.
        """
        pass

    @property
    def gpus(self) -> Sequence["GPU"]:
        """Return an empty list as no GPUs are being tracked."""
        return []

    def __len__(self) -> int:
        """Return 0, indicating no GPUs are being tracked."""
        return 0

    def _ensure_homogeneous(self) -> None:
        """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are being tracked."""
        raise ValueError("No GPUs available to ensure homogeneity.")

    def _warn_sys_admin(self) -> None:
        """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are being tracked."""
        raise ValueError("No GPUs available to warn about SYS_ADMIN privileges.")

    def getName(self, gpu_index: int) -> str:
        """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
        raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

    def getPowerManagementLimitConstraints(self, gpu_index: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
        """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
        raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

    def setPowerManagementLimit(
        self, gpu_index: int, power_limit_mw: int, _block: bool = True
    ) -> None:
        """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
        raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

    def resetPowerManagementLimit(self, gpu_index: int, _block: bool = True) -> None:
        """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
        raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

    def setPersistenceMode(
        self, gpu_index: int, enabled: bool, _block: bool = True
    ) -> None:
        """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
        raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

    def getSupportedMemoryClocks(self, gpu_index: int) -> list[int]:
        """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
        raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

    def setMemoryLockedClocks(
        self,
        gpu_index: int,
        min_clock_mhz: int,
        max_clock_mhz: int,
        _block: bool = True,
    ) -> None:
        """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
        raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

    def resetMemoryLockedClocks(self, gpu_index: int, _block: bool = True) -> None:
        """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
        raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

    def getSupportedGraphicsClocks(
        self, gpu_index: int, memory_clock_mhz: int | None = None
    ) -> list[int]:
        """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
        raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

    def setGpuLockedClocks(
        self,
        gpu_index: int,
        min_clock_mhz: int,
        max_clock_mhz: int,
        _block: bool = True,
    ) -> None:
        """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
        raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

    def resetGpuLockedClocks(self, gpu_index: int, _block: bool = True) -> None:
        """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
        raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

    def getInstantPowerUsage(self, gpu_index: int) -> int:
        """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
        raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

    def supportsGetTotalEnergyConsumption(self, gpu_index: int) -> bool:
        """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
        raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

    def getTotalEnergyConsumption(self, gpu_index: int) -> int:
        """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
        raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

gpus property 

gpus

Return an empty list as no GPUs are being tracked.

__init__ 

__init__(ensure_homogeneous=False)

Since this class represents an empty collection of GPUs, no actual initialization of GPU objects is performed.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, ensure_homogeneous: bool = False) -> None:
    """Initialize the EMPTYGPUs class.

    Since this class represents an empty collection of GPUs, no actual initialization of GPU objects is performed.
    """
    pass

__del__ 

__del__()

Clean up any resources if necessary.

As this class represents an empty collection of GPUs, no specific cleanup is required.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __del__(self) -> None:
    """Clean up any resources if necessary.

    As this class represents an empty collection of GPUs, no specific cleanup is required.
    """
    pass

__len__ 

__len__()

Return 0, indicating no GPUs are being tracked.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __len__(self) -> int:
    """Return 0, indicating no GPUs are being tracked."""
    return 0

_ensure_homogeneous 

_ensure_homogeneous()

Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are being tracked.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def _ensure_homogeneous(self) -> None:
    """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are being tracked."""
    raise ValueError("No GPUs available to ensure homogeneity.")

_warn_sys_admin 

_warn_sys_admin()

Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are being tracked.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def _warn_sys_admin(self) -> None:
    """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are being tracked."""
    raise ValueError("No GPUs available to warn about SYS_ADMIN privileges.")

getName 

getName(gpu_index)

Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def getName(self, gpu_index: int) -> str:
    """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
    raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

getPowerManagementLimitConstraints 

getPowerManagementLimitConstraints(gpu_index)

Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def getPowerManagementLimitConstraints(self, gpu_index: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
    """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
    raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

setPowerManagementLimit 

setPowerManagementLimit(
    gpu_index, power_limit_mw, _block=True
)

Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def setPowerManagementLimit(
    self, gpu_index: int, power_limit_mw: int, _block: bool = True
) -> None:
    """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
    raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

resetPowerManagementLimit 

resetPowerManagementLimit(gpu_index, _block=True)

Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def resetPowerManagementLimit(self, gpu_index: int, _block: bool = True) -> None:
    """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
    raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

setPersistenceMode 

setPersistenceMode(gpu_index, enabled, _block=True)

Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def setPersistenceMode(
    self, gpu_index: int, enabled: bool, _block: bool = True
) -> None:
    """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
    raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

getSupportedMemoryClocks 

getSupportedMemoryClocks(gpu_index)

Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def getSupportedMemoryClocks(self, gpu_index: int) -> list[int]:
    """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
    raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

setMemoryLockedClocks 

setMemoryLockedClocks(
    gpu_index, min_clock_mhz, max_clock_mhz, _block=True
)

Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def setMemoryLockedClocks(
    self,
    gpu_index: int,
    min_clock_mhz: int,
    max_clock_mhz: int,
    _block: bool = True,
) -> None:
    """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
    raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

resetMemoryLockedClocks 

resetMemoryLockedClocks(gpu_index, _block=True)

Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def resetMemoryLockedClocks(self, gpu_index: int, _block: bool = True) -> None:
    """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
    raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

getSupportedGraphicsClocks 

getSupportedGraphicsClocks(
    gpu_index, memory_clock_mhz=None
)

Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def getSupportedGraphicsClocks(
    self, gpu_index: int, memory_clock_mhz: int | None = None
) -> list[int]:
    """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
    raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

setGpuLockedClocks 

setGpuLockedClocks(
    gpu_index, min_clock_mhz, max_clock_mhz, _block=True
)

Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def setGpuLockedClocks(
    self,
    gpu_index: int,
    min_clock_mhz: int,
    max_clock_mhz: int,
    _block: bool = True,
) -> None:
    """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
    raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

resetGpuLockedClocks 

resetGpuLockedClocks(gpu_index, _block=True)

Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def resetGpuLockedClocks(self, gpu_index: int, _block: bool = True) -> None:
    """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
    raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

getInstantPowerUsage 

getInstantPowerUsage(gpu_index)

Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def getInstantPowerUsage(self, gpu_index: int) -> int:
    """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
    raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

supportsGetTotalEnergyConsumption 

supportsGetTotalEnergyConsumption(gpu_index)

Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def supportsGetTotalEnergyConsumption(self, gpu_index: int) -> bool:
    """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
    raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

getTotalEnergyConsumption 

getTotalEnergyConsumption(gpu_index)

Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def getTotalEnergyConsumption(self, gpu_index: int) -> int:
    """Raise a ValueError as no GPUs are available."""
    raise ValueError("No GPUs available.")

ZeusGPUInitError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Import error or GPU library initialization failures.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPUInitError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Import error or GPU library initialization failures."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPUInvalidArgError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps Invalid Argument.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPUInvalidArgError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps Invalid Argument."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPUNotSupportedError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps Not Supported Operation on GPU.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPUNotSupportedError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps Not Supported Operation on GPU."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPUNoPermissionError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps No Permission to perform GPU operation.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPUNoPermissionError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps No Permission to perform GPU operation."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPUAlreadyInitializedError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps Already Initialized GPU.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPUAlreadyInitializedError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps Already Initialized GPU."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPUNotFoundError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps Not Found GPU.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPUNotFoundError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps Not Found GPU."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPUInsufficientSizeError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps Insufficient Size.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPUInsufficientSizeError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps Insufficient Size."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPUInsufficientPowerError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps Insufficient Power.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPUInsufficientPowerError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps Insufficient Power."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPUDriverNotLoadedError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps Driver Error.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPUDriverNotLoadedError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps Driver Error."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPUTimeoutError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps Timeout Error.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPUTimeoutError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps Timeout Error."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPUIRQError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps IRQ Error.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPUIRQError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps IRQ Error."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPULibraryNotFoundError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps Library Not Found Error.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPULibraryNotFoundError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps Library Not Found Error."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPUFunctionNotFoundError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps Function Not Found Error.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPUFunctionNotFoundError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps Function Not Found Error."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPUCorruptedInfoROMError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps Corrupted Info ROM Error.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPUCorruptedInfoROMError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps Corrupted Info ROM Error."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPULostError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps Lost GPU Error.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPULostError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps Lost GPU Error."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPUResetRequiredError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps Reset Required Error.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPUResetRequiredError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps Reset Required Error."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPUOperatingSystemError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps Operating System Error.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPUOperatingSystemError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps Operating System Error."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPULibRMVersionMismatchError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps LibRM Version Mismatch Error.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPULibRMVersionMismatchError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps LibRM Version Mismatch Error."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPUMemoryError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps Insufficient Memory Error.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPUMemoryError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps Insufficient Memory Error."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPUUnknownError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Zeus GPU exception that wraps Unknown Error.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPUUnknownError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Zeus GPU exception that wraps Unknown Error."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)

ZeusGPUHeterogeneousError

Bases: ZeusBaseGPUError

Exception for when GPUs are not homogeneous.

Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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class ZeusGPUHeterogeneousError(ZeusBaseGPUError):
    """Exception for when GPUs are not homogeneous."""

    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
        """Intialize the exception object."""
        super().__init__(message)

__init__ 

__init__(message)
Source code in zeus/device/gpu/common.py 
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def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
    """Intialize the exception object."""
    super().__init__(message)